Eurasian Medical Journal

INFLUENCE OF GREEN TOBACCO ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND LOCAL PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS

Belov G.V., Zakirova T.A., Talantbekova N.T.

Abstract

Topicality. In the tobacco-growing farms of Kyrgyzstan, work with green leaves and dried tobacco raw materials is mostly done on home plots by women of reproductive age. Children of middle and high schools are attracted to the production. Preschoolers and junior schoolchildren are for a long time with mothers employed in production. 

The work was aimed at assessing the physical development and state of the local protective mechanisms of the respiratory system in 100 children living in the tobacco farms of the Osh region. The comparison group consisted of 100 children of the same age living in horticultural and vegetable farms of the same districts.

The results of the study indicate a higher frequency of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in the main group, their lag in physical development and a decrease in the protective mechanisms of the respiratory and immune system. Activation of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the surface activity of nasal swabs and exhaled air condensate, an increase in neutrophils and eosinophils in smears of the nasal mucosa, an increase in serum IgM, IgG d were detected. 

Recommendation. This testifies to the effect of tobacco on children during processing and storing it in local areas.

Key words: green tobacco disease, nicotine, children, physical development, surfactant, peroxidation, immunoglobulin

STATE OF IMMUNE REACTIVITY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS WITH CARCINOSARCOMA WALKER 256 EXPOSED TO GENERAL HYPERTHERMIA

Vaskina E.A., Uzakov O.Zh., Efremov A.V.

Abstract

The paper presents immunity indicators in rats with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma during the development of the tumor process and exposure to general hyperthermia. The data obtained indicate that the effect of general hyperthermia on the body of experimental animals with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma is accompanied by multidirectional changes in the parameters of the immune system both in the direction of their decrease and increase in various periods after hyperthermia. This may be due to the activation of endogenous regulatory systems that determine the body's immune reactivity.

Keywords: Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, humoral and cellular immunity, general hyperthermia.

ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ ПЛЕВРОДЕЗ БЕТАДИНОМ И ГЛЮКОЗОЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ТРАНССУДАТИВНЫМ ПЛЕВРАЛЬНЫМ ВЫПОТОМ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПОЧЕК

А.А. Егай, Б.Х. Бебезов, А.Т. Казакбаев, А.Э. Тентимишев, А.М. Фейгин

Abstract

Transudative pleural effusion (PE) is most often encountered in patients with congestive heart failure, hepatic and renal failure, and especially in their terminal stages, as an indicator of the decompensation of the patient's condition. Chemical pleurodesis (CP) has been successfully used for several decades in patients with malignant PE, both with primary lesion of the pleura, and with its secondary lesion. The choice of an agent for pleurodesis should be based on its effectiveness, safety and availability. Despite the extensive study of this issue, the search for the ideal pleurosclerosant is still underway. The question of induction of pleurodesis in transudative effusions is all the more poorly understood. CP in our country was previously used only for its malignant nature; antineoplastic agents are traditionally administered intrapleurally. The purpose of this article is to assess the efficacy and feasibility of using betadine as a CP agent for PE in patients with CKD. Material and methods: the study was conducted on 6 patients with confirmed transudative PT in CKD. Results. All six patients (100%) managed to achieve a positive effect in the form of stopping the flow of fluid through the pleural drainage. Conclusion. Pleurodesis using betadine and glucose is an effective and safe method for treating patients with recurrent transudative PE in CKD.

Key words: pleural effusion, betadine, chemical pleurodesis, chronic kidney disease.

QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH THE LOWER EXTREMITIES VARICOSE VEINS

V. N. Nikolenko, I. A. Vinokurоv, S. N. Odinokova, G. V. Mnatsakanyan, R. Kh. Belkharoeva

Abstract

Relevance.The wide prevalence of the lower extremities varicose veins and the variety of methods for its surgical correction, necessitate a comparative assessment of the quality of life of patients after various methods of surgical treatment. 

The aim is to assess the quality of life of patients with the lower extremities varicose veins, depending on the surgical treatment method.

Materials and methods. This study included 94 patients with the lower extremities varicose veins of stage C2 - C4 according to CEAP. 28 (30%) men and 66 (70%) women aged 23 to 78 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the type of surgical intervention: 30 people - phlebectomy, 34 people - Endovenous Laser Ablation, 30 people - Endovenous Radiofrequency Obliteration. To assess the quality of life, the CIVIQ2 questionnaire was used, translated into Russian, and adapted for patients.

Results and conclusions. Before surgery, 60% of patients experience the pain of varying intensity in the lower extremities in everyday life; 76% of patients report physical activity limitations; 26% report violations of the psychoemotional state against the background of varicose veins; 35% of patients experience social discomfort.

On the 1st day after phlebectomy, there is a deterioration in the quality of life indicators: physical activity and psychoemotional state. Pain is reduced, and social activity does not change.

The use of endovenous methods demonstrates the following dynamics in the quality of life of patients on the first day after treatment: an increase in pain indicators, physical activity, lack of dynamics in the psycho-emotional state, and an increase in the rate of restriction of social activity. In 3 month period, all methods to varying degrees demonstrate positive dynamics concerning improving the quality of life of patients.

Keywords: varicose disease, chronic venous insufficiency, quality of life assessment, phlebectomy, Endovenous Laser Ablation, Endovenous Radiofrequency Obliteration.

PALLIATIVE PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC INTERVENTIONS IN COMPLICATED LIVER ALVEOCOCCOSIS

Turar A. Yermekov, Shamil M. Chingyshpayev

Abstract

Introduction. The article presents the experience of transcutaneous transhepatic drainage of the decay cavity in complicated liver alveococcosis. This intervention was used in the complex of both palliative care and in the preparation of the patient for radical surgical intervention. The results of treatment of 20 patients with complicated liver alvecoccosis are reflected. The effectiveness of transcutaneous transhepatic interventions to facilitate the condition of patients and/or prepare them for extensive surgical operations compared to open methods of drainage of alveococcal caverns has been shown.

The aim of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous transhepatic interventions on the biliary system and the decay cavity (caverns) of the liver alveococcosis as palliative therapy for complicated forms of the disease.

Materials and methods. The work was based on the results of the examination and treatment of 20 patients with complicated liver alveococcosis, who were in hospital treatment in surgical clinics in Bishkek between 2010 and 2019. All patients have transhepatic drainage of the decay cavity in combination with external cholangiostomy.

The results. After drainage of the decay cavity and transhepatic drainage of the bile ducts in all patients, there was an improvement in the general condition with a decrease in purulent intoxication and symptoms of mechanical jaundice.

Conclusions. Transcutaneous drainage of the decay cavity in complicated liver alveococcosis in combination with percutaneous transhepatic endobiliary interventions is an effective palliative therapy and a choice in relation to open surgical drainage methods.

Keywords: liver alveococcosis, decay cavity, transhepatic drainage, palliative therapy, liver resection. 

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLASMA LIPID SYSTEM ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES BY DIFFERENTIAL ENTROPY MODELING USE

Chonkoeva A.A., Mukhamedova I.P.

Abstract

Introduction. The lipid system of the blood is an example of a dynamic, open thermodynamic, stochastic system, which includes the following components: lipoproteins containing triacylglycerides, cholesterol and cholesterol esters, the state of which can be described by an entropy value and thus characterize the state of the like system as a whole.

The aim of the study is to consider the possibility of using differential-entropy mathematical modeling for stationary and dynamic adaptation of the lipid system and its components, as well as for the diagnosis of stressed and disadaptive states.

Materials and methods. There were 18 journal articles in Russian and 3 journal articles in English published at earliest in 2004; 3 dissertations, 10 national statistical sources and profiles, and 5 books were reviewed to present in the article.

Results. The study involved 120 students of medical universities in Kyrgyzstan (60 local and 60 foreign students). The control group was the indicators of the general population of healthy people of the corresponding age and gender. We selected the following laboratory-determined parameters of the lipid system for analysis - triacylglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), while we excluded low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from the analysis, because it is determined by the calculation method according to the Friedwald’s formula based on the indicators of TC, TG and HDL. We used the techniques of entropy mathematical modeling presented in the O.M. Gerget’s (2011) and O.G. Berestneva (2014) study to assess the individual adaptation strategy of the students' lipid system. Integral criteria were used to calculate the degree of deviation of TG, TC and HDL values from the normal (from the value of the mathematical expectation of the reference (control) group and the permissible standard deviation).

Conclusions. An algorithm for lipid system adaptive strategies identification is given for diagnosing of four major adaptive behavior states: adaptive (normal), compensated (slightly tense), decompensated (tense) and disadaptive (overtense). Comparative analysis of identified strategies showed that adaptive behavior of lipid system and its components of foreign students are tenser than native student’s lipid system behavior. Analysis did not confirm ethnic specificity in adaptive strategies of lipid system as a whole, but confirm thin differences between male and female lipid system components adaptive response in both ethnic groups. The data confirm that physiological mechanisms of plasma lipid system rearrangement are common for different ethnic, but specific for sexual groups. 

Key words: differential entropy, adaptation, plasma lipoproteins, foreign students.

THE ROLE OF ACTIVATION OF SOLUBLE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-Α RECEPTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMORBID PATHOLOGY: CHRONIC HEART FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND OSTEOPOROSIS

Shilov S.N., Berezikova E.N., Uzakov O.J., Samsonova E.N., Safronov I.D., Popova A.A., Yakovleva I.V., Efremov A.V., Schmidt G.,Teplyakov A.T., Grakova E.V.

Abstract 

Objective. To study the clinical and pathogenetic relationship between the risk of developing heart  failure (CHF), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and osteoporosis with the level of activation of  soluble tumor necrosis factor-α 1 and type 2 receptors (TNF-α-SR1 and SR2) and osteoprotegerin,  as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of bisphosphonate therapy in postmenopausal women. 

Materials and methods. The study included 178 women aged 50 to 65: 48 women with CHF and  type 2 diabetes (group 1), 93 patients with osteoporosis and CHF (group 2), 37 women with  osteoporosis, CHF and type 2 diabetes type (group 3). The control group consisted of 35  postmenopausal women aged 50 to 65 years old, without clinical and instrumental signs of the  pathology of the cardiovascular system and osteoporotic process. To determine the bone mineral  density, an X-ray study was used by the method of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar  spine and the proximal femur. Determination of the concentration of TNF-α-SR1 and TNF-α-SR2  receptors, osteoprotegerin in the blood serum was carried out by the method of enzyme-linked  immunosorbent analysis. Women with osteoporosis (n = 48) received bisphosphonates. 

Results. Concentrations of TNF-α-SR1 and TNF-α-SR2 in groups 1-3 were higher (p <0.01) than levels in the control group. It was also found that the levels of both receptors were significantly  higher in group 3 compared to patients in groups 1 and 2. TNF-α-SR1 levels TNF-α-SR2 were  divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) according to the increase in the concentration of these markers. For  TNF-α-SR2, there was an increasing gradient in risk, with the odds ratio (OR) of cardiovascular  events increasing from 1.43 to 7.50, but the risk was statistically significant only for Q3-Q4. OR  increased for TNF-α-SR1 levels significantly for Q2-Q4 compared to Q1. The cumulative incidence  of the combined endpoint of adverse cardiovascular events decreased with bisphosphonate therapy  by 24% (p=0.01), reflecting the beneficial effect of these on the regression of associated  cardiovascular pathology. 

Conclusion. Postmenopausal women with elevated levels of soluble TNF-α-SR1 and SR2 receptors  are diagnosed with an increased risk of developing unfavorable cardiovascular pathology associated  with impaired bone mineral density. The purpose of bisphosphonates prevents bone metabolic  disturbances, reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. 

Keywords: tumor necrosis factor-α receptors; osteoprotegerin; comorbidity; heart failure; diabetes;  osteoporosis; bisphosphonates.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ABSOLUTELY DRAINLESS PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTRIPSY

F.Yu. Yuldashev, F.R. Nasirov, J.Kh. Mirkhamidov

Abstract

The presence of drains in the urinary tract, installed in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, is fraught with a number of complications and causes inconvenience for the patient. Absolutely drainless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy can significantly reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, reduce the need for analgesics in the postoperative period, and reduce the length of hospital stay and the cost of medical services.

Key words: urolithiasis, endoscopic treatment, complications.

FREQUENCY AND POSSIBLE CAUSES OF BILIARY DYSKINESIA IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

M.E. Asheraliev, A.T. Alymkulov, Gupta Richa

Annotation

The article shows the actual component of the frequency of biliary dyskinesia (BAD) in a sample of patients with bronchial asthma. The data on dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract at the subclinical level of manifestations, and a comparative characteristic of the functions of external respiration between patients with DVP in the subclinical course and the period of remission are presented.

Key words: bronchial asthma, DVP, FVD, gastroduodenal pathology.

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND STATE OF HEMODIALYSIS SERVICE IN AZERBAIJAN

Fariz G. Babaev ogly

Abstract

Currently, the most pressing medical and social health problem is the progressive growth of chronic renal failure. The organization and development of hemodialysis treatment in Azerbaijan is associated with the name of the founder and founder of the school of urology, nephrology, hemodialysis and kidney transplantation in Azerbaijan, academician M.D. Javad-zadeh. For the first time in the USSR on March 4, 1958 with the participation of M.D. Javad-zade at the urology clinic of the second MOLGMI named after N.I. Pirogov, the first hemodialysis session was carried out in a patient with acute renal failure.

In 1969, an artificial kidney laboratory was created at the Republican Clinical Urological Hospital by Academician M.D. Javad-zade, who laid the foundations for chronic hemodialysis and kidney transplantation in Azerbaijan. In 1971, for the first time in Transcaucasia, a kidney transplant was carried out for end-stage renal failure.

In the Republic of Azerbaijan, since 2006, a register of patients receiving renal replacement therapy has been introduced and the State Program of Measures for Chronic Renal Failure (2006-2011), the second stage of the State Program for the Reduction of Chronic Renal Failure in Azerbaijan (2011-2016) and the Program of Chronic renal failure 2016-2020. During the implementation of the State Programs, certain successes have been achieved.

In many regions of the republic, the population is provided with dialysis care free of charge from the state budget. By January 1, 2020, there are 3 kidney transplant centers and 45 hemodialysis centers in the republic, which are equipped with 716 dialysis machines. A total of 503,839 dialysis sessions were held, of which 218735 (44.3%) in Baku and 285104 (56.6%) in the regions. To date, there are no problems in the provision of patients with programmed hemodialysis in the republic, and the available dialysis places are sufficient to receive new patients.

Key words: hemodialysis, state program, dialysis centers, chronic renal failure, kidney transplant.

RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BENIGN ADRENAL TUMORS

B.H. Bebezov, T.A. Ermekov, A. Kydyraliev

Abstract

The results and analysis of surgical treatment of 48 patients with adrenal tumors operated from 2009 to 2018 are shown. The indication for surgical treatment of adrenal gland masses is the clinical manifestation of the tumor, its hormonal activity and the high malignant potential of the tumor. Of the 48 (100%) cases of benign adrenal tumors, in most cases adenomas of the adrenal cortex - 26 (54.0%) patients. Then pheochromocytomas - 11 (23.0%), adrenal cysts - 7 (15.0%), adrenal hyperplasia - 3 (6.0%) and myelolipomas - 1 (2%). The laparotomic approach is the most convenient, effective and sparing approach, which improves the patient's quality of life in the postoperative period than the thoracoabdominal and translumbar approaches.

Key words: adrenal tumor, adrenalectomy.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FREQUENCY AND LEVEL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS AMONG RESPONDENTS LIVING IN KYRGYZSTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN DURING THE COVID -19 PANDEMIC

O. Zh. Uzakov, S.Yu. Komissarova, A.T. Alymkulov, Kermaly kyzy M.

Abstract

Introduction. At present COVID-19 pandemic is an acute and socially significant problem for the whole world population, which is explained by its scale, contagiousness, insidiousness of the pathogen and lack of effective preventive means (vaccine) and effective therapeutic ways to combat this infection. It is safe to say that one of the main parameters of Covid-19 pandemic evaluation is the psycho-emotional and psychological health of the population

The aim. Evaluation of anxiety disorders in people living in Kyrgyzstan and comparison with population of Kazakhstan, under conditions of quarantine and state of emergency due to COVID-19 epidemic.

Materials and methods. This article presents the results of a survey of 832 people during the COVID-19 epidemic, quarantine and state of emergency. The questionnaire included questions concerning the detection of anxiety disorders according to the C.D.Spielberger scale. Because of quarantine measures and restriction for contacts between people, the survey was conducted by online questionnaire. Respondents were selected by random and continuous sampling.

Results. The results of the questionnaire showed that a high level of reactive anxiety prevails among representatives of Kyrgyzstan. In contrast, the majority of survey participants from the Republic of Kazakhstan had an average level of reactive anxiety. 

Conclusions: The study showed that the development of the COVID-19 epidemic had a significant impact on the psycho-emotional state of young people aged 17-25 years.

Key words: respondents, coronavirus infection, anxiety disorders, reactive anxiety, personality anxiety, epidemic. 

GLAUCOMA AS A SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT EYE DISEASE AMONG ADULTS AND CHILDREN UNDER 14

Omorova G.K.

Annotation. Introduction. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss, so it is one of the pressing problems of modern healthcare. According to WHO, glaucoma accounts for up to 5% of all ocular pathology. By 2020, the number of patients will increase to 5.9 million and 5.3 million will lose vision due to primary glaucoma. Among the causes of primary disability, glaucoma has remained stable at a fairly high level for many years, amounting to 20-28%. The aim of the study: is to conduct an analysis of the prevalence of eye incidence and its appendages, glaucoma in various age groups for the period from 2014 to 2018. The material of the study was the statistical data of the Republican Medical Information Center of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic from 2014 to 2018. Statistical method of investigation was used. Results and discussion. In this article, the author considered the dynamics of the prevalence of glaucoma in the Kyrgyz Republic. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis, trends in the incidence of diseases of the eye and its appendages, glaucoma among adults, adolescents and children of the Kyrgyz Republic, consisting in an increase in the indicator in 2015, 2017 and 2018, were revealed. The proportion of glaucoma from the total incidence of the eye and its appendages among adults and adolescents in the study years was on average 6.5%, among children under 14 years old - 0.2%. Output. During this period, there was a tendency to increase the incidence of eyes, its appendages, and in particular glaucoma in various age groups. Recommendations. It is necessary to strengthen measures for the early detection, medical examination of glaucoma patients, as well as information work among the population.

Key words: eye diseases and its appendages, glaucoma, disease dynamics, medical examination, prevalence.

MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SOMATOTYPE OF FOREIGN AND LOCAL STUDENTS

Nurgul K. Omuralieva, Aigul A. Chonkoeva

Abstract

Introduction. It is well known that one of the main criteria of health is the adaptive capacity of the body and physical development. The geoclimatic distribution of various populations in the usual living conditions leaves certain imprints on cultural traits, morphological and physiological characteristics of the organism's vital activity. 

The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the somatotype in local and foreign students.

Materials and research methods. The students of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University (KRSU) and foreign students of the International Higher School of Medicine (IHSM) aged 18 to 19 served. The research was conducted in compliance with all ethical standards, with the consent of the respondents. To assess somatotypes, the centile method of scales according to the parameters of physical development was used. 

Research results. In 95 Indian students from IHSM (50 boys and 45 girls) and 30 local students from KRSU (15 boys and 15 girls) aged 18-19, anthropometric indicators were studied and morphometric indices were calculated, such as body mass index and index. physique. Comparative analysis of anthropometric indicators of local and foreign students showed that local students in all parameters have higher values, characterizing better physical development, compared with their foreign peers.

Conclusions

         1. The morphological indicators of local students are higher than those of foreign students.

       2. According to the degree of proportionality of the body among local students, hypersthenics prevail, among foreign students asthenic body type, indicating insufficient physical development of the body.

Key words: Students, morphometric indicators, anthropometric indicators, body mass index, physique index.

MAIN ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT AND MEDICAL COUNSELING OF TRANSFEMINAL PEOPLE

Sidikova Margarita Makhamad-Rasulovna

Abstract

Described the medico-social aspects of working with transgender patients. Today, the problem of socialization of transfeminine people remains open, along with the general problems of adaptation and the formation of relationships in society, social realization, and the provision of medical care at all levels of health care. The main provisions on transgender transition, hormonal feminizing therapy, features, risk factors, expected effects, and complications are presented. In fact, there is no such thing as gender reassignment. There is a transgender transition - this is a set of actions that a person takes to bring the inner feeling of gender closer to the outer one. In providing medical advice to transfeminine people, it is important to maintain an ethical work ethic with tact, sensitivity, and confidentiality. It is important to build contact with the patient, one of the important keys to which is trans-tact.

Keywords: transfeminine people, transgender transition, feminizing therapy, trans-tact, trans inclusivity.

ECHINOCOCCOSIS OF THE PERICARDIUM (CASE FROM PRACTICE)

I.H. Bebezov, A.A. Rakimbaev, M.K. Dzhundubaev, D.B. Toktosunova, E.D. Seitahunova, R.S. Kalieva, A.K. Turgunov

Abstract

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease widespread in many countries of the world and continues to remain a serious medical and national economic problem. The article presents a rare case of a giant echinococcal cyst localized in the pericardial cavity with invasion into the left ventricular myocardium and causing compression of the left heart, as well as surgical intervention aimed at its complete removal.

Key words: echinococcosis of the pericardium, echocardiography, computed tomography.

POSSIBILITIES OF SURGICAL APPROACHES TO REMOVE TUMORS OF THE PARANASAL SINUSES THAT HAVE SPREAD TO THE BASE OF THE SKULL

A.M. Orozalieva, B.D. Shalabaev, Ali Zeshan, Zeeshan Majeed

Abstract

Introduction. Surgical treatment of tumors of the paranasal sinuses that have spread to the base of the skull, include those with invasion into the cranial fossa, belonging to a severe and often dangerous category and fraught with serious complications. Therefore, the choice of a surgical approach to remove such tumors is of particular importance.

The aim.  To make a comparative analysis of the possibilities of surgical approaches for lateral rhinotomy with continuation to the frontal sinuses, extended rhinotomy, and Lauers-Balon in developing an optimal treatment for various variants of the spread of tumors at the base of the skull.

Materials and methods. To determine the extent of the tumor and justify the choice of surgical access, an examination was carried out using computed tomography according to the methods described in the literature.

We considered clinical material, including the results of surgical treatment of 41 patients with tumors and tumor-like diseases of the maxillofacial region with spread to the structures of the base of the skull.

Results. Among the 41 patients selected T-shaped approach and extended lateral rhinotomy were done. In patients with tumors present in the frontal sinus and ethmoid labyrinth with extensions to anterior cranial fossa T-shaped approach showed a good results, while 32 cases with tumor of jaw the procedure of extended lateral rhinotomy showed good visual access and good results.

Conclusions. The conclusion of this work is that for the removal of the cancer or masses from the ethmoid labyrinth and frontal sinuses with extension to the anterior cranial fossa the T-shaped approach combine with shortened 

lateral rhinotomy can be performed. Extended lateral rhinomaxillotomy can be the option for the removal of cancers of upper jaw and paramaxillary formations with invasion into the basal of skull.

For the prevention of meningocerebral completion in dura matter defect our method of plastic closer of dural defect is commendable.

Key words: tumors of the paranasal sinuses with extension to the base of the skull, surgical treatment of tumors of the base of the skull.

HISTOSTRUCTURE OF INTRAMURAL LYMPHOID FORMATIONS OF THE HEART

Masalbek A. Satybaldiev, Aida M. Ergesheva, Adelya E. Seytkulova

Abstract

The system intraorganic Structures I lymphatic collectors of the heart, their size, structure and location in time of personal areas of wall lymphangions . Generation and configuration of muscle fibers in the structure of the uniting vessel. A diagram of the connection of various structures of the lymphatic system for the implementation of the passage of lymph, from the subendocardial lymphatic capillaries to the main vessels of the outflow.

Key words: lymphangion, lymphatic bed, collector, caliber, shape.

CLINICAL CASE RARE COMBINATIONS PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM WITH DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN D

Sultanalieva R.B., Knyazeva V.G., Kudaibergenova N.T.

Abstract

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare but interesting pathology that affects not only the parathyroid glands, but also bones, kidneys, and other organs. This pathology is rarely diagnosed at an early stage. We have given an example of an unusual combination of primary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency.

Key words: Parathyroid gland, vitamin D, hormones, calcium.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEX THERAPY FOR THE REGENERATION OF POSTOPERATIVE WOUNDS (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

T.B. Uzakov

Abstract

Summary: The study was carried out on 60 white Wistar rats, simulating a surgical wound. The rats were divided into 5 groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 is control - rats from this group were made an incision on the sidewall, abdominal wall, followed by natural healing within 10 days; Group 2 - an incision followed by the use of chitosan ointment; Group 3 - the wound was exposed to photostimulation treated with methylene blue; Group 4 - physical activity in the postoperative period on a treadmill for 30 minutes; Group 5 - complex application of chitosan, photostimulation, and physical activity. Wound healing was recorded by determining the area, photo-fixation of the wound, and histological examinations of the skin and internal organs were performed.

Outcomes obtained: The best wound healing according to planimetry and histological studies was significant observed in group 5 with the complex treatment of the surgical wound.

Conclusions: The rehabilitation complex for large surgical wounds should include previously local effects of physiotherapeutic procedures and physical activity.

Key words: surgical wound, rehabilitation, photomodulation, and physical exercises.   

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR ENDOSCOPIC RECANALIZATION OF THE URETHRA

Faizulla Yu. Yuldashev, Furkat R. Nasirov, Jalal Kh. Mirkhamidov, Safojon S. Kasimov, Muhammadzarif K. Bakhadirkhanov, Nozima J. Uralova

Abstract

The article summarizes the results of the analysis of data from the treatment of 53 atients who underwent endoscopic recanalization of obliterated urethra, followed by electric esection scar tissue. Conducted cl inical studies  have shown that recurrences, after the ntervention, by the end of 1 year of observation, occur in 18.9% of patients. 

Key words: obliteration of the urethra, endoscopic treatment, efficacy.

OPERATION BENTALL DE BONO AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF BILATERAL POLYSEGMENTAL VIRAL PNEUMONIA (COVID-19) CASE FROM PRACTICE

S. Ahmed, I.Kh. Bebezov, M.K. Dzhundubaev, A.A. Rakimbaev, A.K. Turgunov, D.B. Toktosunova, I.A. Akhmedova, R.S. Kalieva, E.D. Seytakhunova

Abstract

Coronavirus-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) was first described in early December 2019 and has rapidly spread globally, causing significant disruptions in the provision of healthcare services in many countries. The volume of cardiac surgery has also undergone significant changes due to the redistribution of bed resources. Although the measures applied have been beneficial for the treatment of patients with coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the implications of postponing cardiac surgery for patients with cardiovascular disease need to be considered. It can be assumed that these patients will have progression of the underlying disease, which will lead to an increase in the number of patients in need of emergency cardiac surgery. The article describes a case of emergency surgery in a patient with dissecting aneurysm of the aortic root on the background of bilateral polysegmental viral pneumonia   (COVID-19).

Key words: Covid-19, viral pneumonia, aortic aneurysm, multislice computed tomography (MSCT).

ASPECTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CAVITATION PHENOMENA OF ULTRASONIC WAVES ON BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TISSUE ORGANIZATION (LITERATURE REVIEW)

H.Z. Ahmedov, B.I. Nurdinov, A.V. Lysenko, A.T. Alymkulov

Abstract

Ultrasound is the most common diagnostic technique for many diseases with morphological substrates and pathological processes. Lack of control over the activities of ultrasound rooms, lack of knowledge about the physical properties of sound waves by the personnel, is a support for the development of remote consequences from a complex of factors associated with an ultrasound wave.

The article reflects the literature data and the likely influence of the effect of cavitation bubbles on the structural components of tissue cells. The blame is given to oncological processes and possible indirect effects on them.

Key words: cavitation, ultrasound, oncology, side effects.

CHARACTERISTICS OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN THE BLOOD OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND NEWBORNS

G.U. Asymbekova, A.O. Atykanov, O.Zh. Uzakov, Ya.V. Ten

Abstract

The article presents data from a survey of 166 pregnant women and 67 newborns at the "Clinic of Professor G.U. Asymbekova" for the period 2019-2020, for the presence of opportunistic infections in the blood serum. 1340 studies were carried out to determine rubella, toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, chlamydia - trachomatis, mycoplasma - hominis, ureaplasma - urealyticum, trichomonas - vaginalis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) (enzyme immunoassay) Ig) of class G, M, A by diagnostic test systems of "VEKTOR" company (Russia).

It was found that in pregnant women, infection occurred before pregnancy, and during pregnancy, there was no acute phase of infection. Positive titers of IgG antibodies and the absence of IgM antibodies in newborn babies indicate the transmission of IgG antibodies during pregnancy from the mother, as well as the absence of acute infection.

Keywords: Pregnant women, newborn children, opportunistic infections, immunoglobulins, antibodies.

ETIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF PEDIATRIC STROKE

Kadyrova A. Sh., Atykanov A. O.

Abstract
The paper presents data from a survey of 21 children with a verified diagnosis of stroke,
of which 14 children with ischaemic stroke and 7 children with bloodstroke. The survey was
conducted in the interim 2014 - 2020 in the City clinical emergency hospital for children in
Bishkek and in clinic Cortex. The average age of children was 5.3 ± 2.2 years. In 47.5.4% of
stroke cases, the causes were not identified. The clinical symptoms were dominated by
convulsions (52%) and hemiplegia (34%).
Key words: children, stroke, ischaemic stroke, bloodstroke.

ESTIMATION OF MORTALITY FROM BREAST CANCER IN KYRGYZSTAN

A.L. Chokoev, N.S. Igisinov

Abstract 

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, about 3 million new cases of breast cancer (BC) are predicted in 2040, while it is expected that about 1 million women will die from this pathology.

Purpose of the research: to estimate mortality rates from breast cancer (BC) in Kyrgyz Republic (KR) for 2003-2017.

Material and research methods. The material was the data of the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic concerning deaths from breast cancer (ICD 10 - C50). The main method used was a retrospective study (2003-2017) using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics.

Results and discussion. From 2003-2017 3 502 death cases of BC were registered in KR and the average age of the dead is 58,7±0,4  (95% ДИ=58,0-59,4). The average annual mortality rate from BC was 8,4±0,20/0000 (95% ДИ=8,0-8,8) and the standardized indicator – 11,0±0,40/0000 (95% ДИ=10,3-11,7), and their trends were decreasing Тdecline=−0,7% и Тdecline=−1,9%. Age-specific mortality rates indicate unimodal growth, with a peak in the older age group – 70 years and elder – 50,5±2,40/0000 (95% ДИ=45,9-55,2). Age trends were different.

Conclusions. The results of the analysis of mortality rates must be taken into account for monitoring and evaluating anti-cancer measures in the republic.

Keywords: breast cancer, mortality, trends, Kyrgyzstan.

IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CYTOMEGALOVIRAL INFECTIONS AFTER PEDIATRIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

N.Zh. Erimova, Sh.K. Batyrkhanov, B.K. Shirtaev, B.B. Baimakhanov, A.T. Chormanov, S.D. Akilbekov, A.G. Akhbetova

Abstract

The article reflects the role of antiviral prophylaxis with valganciclovir or ganciclovir after pediatric liver transplantation. The study was conducted on the basis of data from thirty operations, in children from 6 months to 8 years. All patients of our center with cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) received antiviral therapy for a month. In patients with active CMV, the viral load was reduced. Six months later, the quantitative     polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CMV became negative in all patients. After nine (9) months, viral load increased in 1 (3.3%) patient with inactive CMV. After 12 (twelve) months, viremia was diagnosed in 6 (20%) patients and they were prescribed antiviral therapy for 3-6 months with valganciclovir. A decrease in the total number of T-lymphocytes and T-helpers was noted against the background of phylactic suppressive therapy and viremia (8 patients).

Purpose : The purpose of this work is to assess the role of CMV infection in transplant immunology in children and the effect of CMV on the outcome of liver transplantation.

Materials and methods .

Place of research: JSC “NSCH named after A.N. Syzganov”.

 Subject of research: Pediatric patients with liver cirrhosis.

Study duration: from March 2016 to the present day.   

Study design: Randomized controlled trial.

Research protocol: Since March 2016, 30 (30) surgical operations for liver transplantation have been performed in children using materials taken from living donor relatives. Patient age: from 6 months to 8 years, of which: 23 (76.6%) patients - biliary atresia; 2 (6.9%) patients - liver cirrhosis as a result of autoimmune hepatitis; 1 (3.3%) patient - primary hyperoxaluria; 1 (3.3%) patient - cholangiocarcinoma; 1 (3.3%) patient - inoperable hepatoblastoma; 1 (3.3%) Liver cirrhosis in the outcome of viral hepatitis "C" against the background of histiocytosis of Langerhans cells. The number of female newborns - 17 (56.7%) patients, male babies - 13 (43.3%) patients.

All patients with positive quantitative PCR before surgery took cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin for 3-5 days. The left lateral sector was transplanted to 23 (76.6%) patients with biliary atresia from their CMV seropositive relative (D + / R +) and 4 (23.3%) patients from their CMV seronegative donors (D - / R +).

Clinical laboratory and instrumental research methods: In order to assess the immunological status of children, the results of immunograms, hemograms with leukoformula were used. By electrochemiluminescent immunoassay from venous and capillary blood, IgM, IgG antibodies, and the avidity of antibodies to cytomegalovirus were determined.

Methods stat. Analysis: Statistical processing of digital values ​​was carried out using standard methods of statistical analysis used in biomedical research, using a software package for personal computers: Microsoft Office Excel, StatisticaStatSoft. All pediatric liver transplants from March 2016 to the present day have been counted.

Ethical issues: The study was conducted in accordance with the current version of the Declaration of Helsinki, in accordance with the Standard of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) (Appendix 2 to the order of the Acting Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 4, 2021 No. ҚР DSM-15) .

Results. The total number of seropositive donors (D + / R +) is 26 (86.6%). The total number of seronegative donors (D- / R +) is 4 (13.4%). One concurrent liver and kidney transplant was performed in one infant patient. All patients with biliary atresia had CMV infection (CMVI). Eight (8) patients had active disease. Follow-up period: 14 days - 3 years after liver transplantation.

Key words: liver transplantation, cytomegalovirus infection, pediatric transplantation.

TRENDS IN THE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF CERVICAL CANCER IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

S.A. Vaninov, S.M. Akhunbaev, D.D. Ibraimova, N.M. Nasirova, O.A. Bolbachan

Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the most important medical and social problems that cause enormous social and economic damage to society. The activities of medical institutions providing cancer care should be aimed at cancer prevention, timely detection, and treatment of cancer patients. The study used statistical data from the Health care Center, the National Center for Oncology and Hematology of the Kyrgyz Republic from 2012 to 2017. The study was conducted using a systematic approach, which consists of assessing the dynamics of the prevalence, structure, and dynamics of mortality from cervical cancer by age and region of the Kyrgyz Republic. The object of the study was women with a diagnosis of cervical cancer. The subject of study: appealability, the prevalence of incidence and mortality in women with this disease. Research method: statistical (intensive, extensive indicator, credibility, time series indicators, reliability criterion).

In the Kyrgyz Republic, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of incidence from 97.5 ± 1.8 in 2012 to 105.3 ± 1.8 in 2017, p <0.001. Most often, patients of the I-II stage are found in all regions of the republic. The main age groups with a high proportion of cervical cancer were patients from 35 to 65 years of age and older. Also, there were patients from 20 to 35 years of age. Single cases were also observed at 0-6 years of age in 2013 and 7-14 years of age in 2017. Chui, Osh, and Jalal-Abad regions, as well as Bishkek, are regions with a high proportion of patients with cervical cancer.

The tendency of a sharp increase in mortality from cervical cancer was observed in fairly young age groups (25-29, 30-34, 40-44 years of age). It should be noted that the growth rate of the mortality rate prevailed in 2013, 2015. One case of mortality at the age of 0-4 years was detected in 2014. 

To identify trends in women's health, identify the importance of cervical cancer and causes of mortality, the negative impact of the disease, premature deaths on society, the indicator of lost years of potential life, and economic losses are calculated. In the republic in 2017, the years of potential life lost amounted to 13.47 years in total, the economic losses from premature mortality from cervical cancer amounted to 940.2 million soms. 

Thus, the leading place in the structure of oncological incidence and mortality in women takes cervical cancer, while providing significant economic damage.

Keywords: incidence, malignant neoplasms, mortality, prevalence, cervical cancer, years of potential life lost, economic damage.

OPHTHALMOLOGIC EXAMINATION AND STUDY OF VISUAL CONSEQUENCES IN CHILDREN WITH PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS

K.B. Yrysov, B.A. Beknazarova, Alik kyzy E., N.A. Mamaziyaeva

Abstract  

Purpose of the work: To study the visual consequences of children with primary brain tumors who were sent for ophthalmological examination without a standard protocol.

Material and Methods: Medical records of all children (0-18 years old) with primary brain tumors were analyzed. In our institution, all children referred for ophthalmological examination were examined by pediatricians and / or neuro-ophthalmologists. For each patient, the following clinical data were collected: age at the time of tumor diagnosis, gender, pathologic diagnosis, major problems at initial presentation (including visual problems), tumor location, classification of surgical resection, treatment methods, and survival.

Humphrey visual field testing, optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and fundus color photographs were obtained from collaborating patients.

Results. A total of 141 patients (73 [52%] men; mean age [range 0-18] years) with primary brain tumors were included. There were 100 people who were recently diagnosed and 41 people who were examined for follow-up examination (brain tumor was diagnosed before enrollment in the study). The most common type of tumor was glioma, while other types of tumors (eg, ependymoma and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors) were less common. There were more patients with tumors of the parenchyma and fewer with tumors of the optic nerve and chiasm.

A decrease in visual acuity was observed in 37 patients (54%) in 1 or both eyes, of which 26 out of 68 (38%) had progressed amblyopia. Causes included deprivation (ptosis, keratopathy, and / or cataract) in 15 patients (58%), strabismus in 11 patients (42%), and refractive errors in 11 patients (42%). Exposure keratopathy due to palsy of the seventh cranial nerve was found in 10 patients (15%), of which 3 (30%) required aggressive treatment (tarsorrhaphy or corneal transplant).

Conclusion. The time has come for an interdisciplinary, integrated approach to the diagnosis and treatment of visual impairment in children with brain tumors. Given the significant advances in technology, OCT analysis of the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex in children under 3 years of age usually complements a thorough pediatric and / or neuro-ophthalmic assessment.

Key words : primary brain tumors, ophthalmological examination, decreased visual acuity, visual fields.

EARLY INTERVENTION IN THE SYSTEM OF REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH SPEECH DELAYS

Arykpaeva Ch.S., Atykanov A.O.

Abstract
The paper presents the results of early intervention in the rehabilitation of 26 children
with speech development delay, conducted at the Specialized Center for the Rehabilitation of
Children and the Family. It is shown that the measures taken made it possible to achieve the
appearance of speech in 50% of children, and 19.2% of children had words and the exact
pronunciation of words, as well as understanding of speech. This made it possible to ensure
that 38.4% of children began to attend kindergartens, preschool institutions and 15.4% were
socialized in the children's team.
Key words: children, early intervention, speech delay, rehabilitation.

ONLINE EDUCATION THROUGH THE EYES OF STUDENTS OF AZMI STUDENTS (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE TWO ONLINE SEMESTERS, 2020-SPRING AND FALL SEMESTERS)

Bakytbek B. Kulambaev

Abstract
The sudden onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic forced higher education
institutions urgently switch to the online training format. In this research paper reflects the
valuable experience of the transition to online education with the assessment of this form of
education by the students themselves. Students themselves pointed out the advantages and
disadvantages of online learning compared to offline and recommended ways to improve the
educational process.
Key words: the COVID-19 pandemic; online education; online courses; quality of
education; the satisfaction of students; higher education; internet.

CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE INSECTOACARICIDE BATONS ES

M.A. Marupova, Zh.T.Mamasaidov, Y.Kh.Nazarova

Abstract
This article discusses the negative effects of pesticides used in the gardens of the Ferghana Valley of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The composition and application of the insectoacaricide-Baton EC was studied. Much attention was paid to the hazards associated with the presence of residues in foodstuffs and other objects. The effect of Baton EC on the biochemical parameters of experimental animals was proved. A decrease in the synthesis or breakdown in total protein and an increase in nitrogen and pigment metabolism in the blood serum were revealed, which indicates a violation of the functional state of liver and kidneys in chronic insectoacaricide poisoning.
Keywords: pesticide, insectoacaricide, Baton, creatinine, bilirubin, ALT, AST, correction.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH

Zhanar Sabyrdilda, Ainur B. Kumar, Lyazzat Kosherbaeva

Abstract
The World Health Organization named the goals for improving maternal health and determined the future direction of the and the Human Development Goals. Despite being expressed in the reduction of under-five mortality and high mortality rates, these causes fall short of achieving the goal.
Human health and well-being are determined by many complex factors. Maternal and child health encompasses the health and well-being of women, infants, children, adolescents and their families. Environmental factors have a direct impact on the health of various populations around the world, including maternal and child health as a result of exposure to chemicals in the air, water, soil, food and consumer products.
There are a number of climatic risk factors that directly affect maternal health, including extreme heat, air pollution, floods and hurricanes. Epidemiological studies linking exposure to adverse maternal and child health outcomes highlight the importance of environmental impacts on health. Identifying and reducing the impact of the environment on a pregnant woman is not only relevant for the health of a child, but is also important for maintaining the health of the mother in the short and long term.
Environmental health literacy should be promoted in our country within the framework
of the global concepts of "One Health" and "One World" not only for the health of the
population as a whole, but also for the maintenance of the environment and the planet.
Key words: environmental impact, air quality, environmental determinants of health, maternal and child health, global health.

INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN THE PREPARATION OF MEDICAL

A.A. Abdumanonov

Abstract
The paper presents the goals and advantages of an interactive method of teaching medical students. The role of information technology in the modern educational process is huge and the informatization of the educational process is a reality of today and one of the best tools for training highly qualified medical personnel.
Key words: interactive learning, learning technology, information technology in education, medical education, electronic educational resources.

ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF TUMOR DISEASES (BY THE EXAMPLE OF FIBROIDS AND UTERINE CANCER)

A.A. Firman, A.V. Efremov, O.J. Uzakov

Abstract
The aim of the study was to study the activity of the antioxidant system of the body in cancer patients, based on the content of fat-soluble antioxidants. 436 women were examined: 101 patients diagnosed with uterine fibroids; 290 women with uterine body cancer and 45 healthy women as controls. The content of - carotene, retinol and  tocopherol in blood serum was analyzed. It has been shown that in uterine cancer, unlike uterine fibroids, there is a more pronounced inhibition of the antioxidant system activity, expressed in a significant decrease in the levels of beta-carotene, retinol and -tocopherol in the blood. Conclusion: the inhibition of the antioxidant system activity in the mechanisms of development of tumor growth is beyond doubt.
Keywords: uterine cancer, uterine fibroids, antioxidants, -carotene, retinol, -tocopherol.

PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF OSTEOPROTEGERIN IN ASSESSING RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS AND OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES IN COMORBID PATHOLOGY

D. Sh. Chyngyshpaev, M. Kerimaly, A.M. Pasanova, A.T. Alymkulov, A.O. Uzakova, O.J. Uzakov

Abstract
Introduction. To study the predictive role of serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) for risk
stratification of adverse cardiovascular events and bone fractures in women with comorbid pathologies, including chronic heart failure (CHF), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) and osteoporosis.
Materials and methods. The study involved 78 women aged 50 to 65 years (mean age 57.1±4.9 years) with CHF, DM 2 and osteoporosis, presented in two groups. Group 1 (n=41) included patients with OPG level ≤ 6.8 pmol/l, group 2 (n=37) included patients with OPG level 6.8 pmol/l. The control group included 35 postmenopausal women, aged 50–65 years, without clinical disorders of hemodynamics, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism. The content of serum OPG was determined by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay. Assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) was carried out by densitometry using dual X-ray absorptiometry.
Outcomes. In women with an OPG level 6.8 pmol/l, adverse cardiovascular events and
osteoporotic fractures were significantly more frequently recorded. A significant (p0.001) increase in the OPG level was found in patients of the 1st and 2nd groups compared with the control group (2.3±0.4 pmol/l, p=0.001). Adecrease in the risk of cardiovascular events was revealed at OPG concentration ≤ 6.8 pmol/l: myocardial infarction (OR=0.91 [95% CI 0.83-0.98; p=0.04]), cerebral stroke (OR =0.87 [95% CI 0.81-0.98; p=0.01]), decompensated CHF (OR=0.84 [95% CI 0.77-0.92; p=0.02] ), osteoporotic bone fractures (OR=0.81 [95% CI 0.72–0.90; p=0.01]); the risk of death from all the causes did not change significantly (OR: 0.98 [95% CI 0.94-1.05; p=0.223]). An OPG level 6.8 pmol/l (sensitivity - 91%, specificity - 53%) makes it possible to predict the onset of adverse cardiovascular events with a high probability in patients with IHD with CD 2 and osteoporosis (AUC (Area Under Curve) = 0, 83 (95% CI [0.72-0.93; p=0.001]).
Conclusion. Osteoprotegerin is an independent risk factor for the development of adverse
cardiovascular events and bone fractures in women with comorbid pathologies, including CHF, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. It seems clinically reasonable to determine the concentration of OPG in the blood to stratify the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and bone fractures in women with CHF associated with type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis.
Key words: osteoprotegerin, risk factors, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, prognosis.

COMORBID PATHOLOGY IN WOMEN WITH BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE UTERINE BODY

A.A. Firman, A.V. Efremov, O.J. Uzakov, A.A. Masybaeva

Abstract

The aim of the work was to analyze comorbid pathology in women with benign and malignant uterine diseases. 436 women were examined, of which the first group consisted of 101 patients diagnosed with uterine fibroids. The second group included 290 women with uterine body cancer. Control group - 45 healthy women of the sa age. Anamnestic, instrumental and laboratory research methods were used. In the group of sick women, significantly more frequent occurrence of gynecological pathology was revealed; the frequency of hypertension, chronic cholecystitis, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher. The highest incidence of these somatic diseases was recorded in the group of women with uterine body cancer.
Keywords: cancer of the uterine body, uterine fibroids, comorbid pathology.

COVID-19 VACCINATION DRIVE IN INDIA AND KYRGYZSTAN

Asma Ahad, M.A. Turdumambetova, Bhat Amir, Saifullah Baba

Abstract
Introduction. Both India and Kyrgyzstan are located in Asian continent. The countries
have also experienced a huge loss of lives during COVID-19 pandemic. On 11 March 2020, when the outbreak was characterized as a pandemic putting normal life on hold for most people and overwhelming health care providers and then the year 2021 was mostly focused on vaccine distribution to put an end to the pandemic.
The aim of the present article is to learn about COVID-19 vaccination held in India
and Kyrgyzstan (2020-22).
Materials and methods. Statistical data of COVID-19 vaccination, population of
India and Kyrgyzstan, comparative methods.
Results. As per the latest United Nations data the total population of Kyrgyzstan as on
July 1, 2022 is 6,728,271 and the population in India is 1,406,631,776. [1]
The total number of people that got infected by the COVID in Kyrgyzstan were 201000
and out of which 2991 people died. In India 43.1million [2] got the COVID infection out of
which there were 524000 deaths. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) India recorded 29427330 Coronavirus recovered persons since the epidemic began [6]. The total number of recovered cases in Kyrgyzstan are 196226. [2]
Conclusions. India and Kyrgyzstan are set to defeat COVID-19 fully. The population
of India is much more than Kyrgyzstan and making it a great milestone. As on 15 May 2022 India has so far given almost 1.91 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses. In Kyrgyzstan 1.28 million people are fully vaccinated. Both countries are improving on the setbacks and
working on public awareness, enough medical staff, enough modern equipment etc.
Key words: COVID-19, Morbidity, Mortality, deadly virus, COVID-19 vaccination, lockdown.

CHOLERA IN INDIA AND KYRGYSZTAN

Tabindah Khursheed, Wani Farheen Mukhtar, М.А. Turdumambetova

Abstract
Introduction.Cholera is an acute, watery diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholera of
the O1 or O139 serogroups usually spread through contaminated water and food. The disease causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. Left untreated, cholera can be fatal within hours. In the past two centuries, cholera has emerged and spread from the Ganges Delta six times and from Indonesia once to cause global pandemics. Modern sewage and water treatment have virtually eliminated cholera in industrialized countries. [1]
The aim of the present article is to highlight problems and characterize the morbidity,
the spread and prophylaxis of cholera in India and Kyrgyzstan.
Materials and methods are information about the morbidity and spread of cholera in
India and Kyrgyzstan presented by WHO, statistical methods
Results. Statistics about the morbidity and mortality from cholera in India were given.
Recommendations for prevention and measures to decrease the morbidity and mortality from the disease relevant to UNICEF's recommendations were given.
Conclusions. Cholera is a typical disease amongst the world's poorest and most
disadvantaged communities. Treatment may be effective on an individual basis, but the rapid spread of cholera outbreaks renders communities too susceptible to contain them. Poor hygiene, lack of proper sanitation and disruption in water supply, result in mixing of drinking water with infected feces, which increases the risk of cholera. Good hand-washing practices and adequate sanitation will prevent the spread of cholera.
Keywords: Cholera; Vibrio cholera; pandemics; cholera vaccine; stockpile;
epidemiology; transmission; prophylaxis.

Materials of student scientific-practical conference

Materials of IV International Interinstitutional Science and Practice Conference on “Innovations in medical science and education” October 23-24, 2020, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Annex to the 1st number of Eurasian Medical Journal